The terraced palace gardens are said to be a replica of Mount Amanus Ed. The gardens are watered by an intricate network of canals.
The garden shop is well stocked with flowers from across the empire, as well as a wide variety of cooking herbs and medicinal plants.
This massive temple tower stands proudly on the citadel mound and can be seen from all corners of the city. The tower features successive receding stories accessible by a series of steep stairways. It is built from a core of sun-baked bricks faced with fired bricks that are glazed in different colours. Sadly, the ziggurat is closed to general visitors and only accessible to the priesthood, so you will need to admire its grandeur from afar.
Dedicated to Ishtar of Nineveh, the goddess of warfare and passion, this temple complex has stood in the same place for over a thousand years. The nearby temple of Nabu is dedicated to the god of literature, scribes and wisdom. Both sanctuaries are notable for their facades of colourful glazed tiles and bricks, interior rooms lined with carved stone wall panels and numerous rich embellishments of gold and silver.
Nineveh is famous for the spectacular and brutal lion hunts that take place in the game parks located outside the city. By combining sport, ritual and theatre, the Assyrian kings publicly display their valour and military skill as they slay ferocious lions from their battle chariots. The best spot to view the action is the hill beside the hunting grounds — get there early to beat the crowds. Daily exercise is important. The citizens of Nineveh love to take a stroll along the Tigris in the early evening and children can always be seen running around and playing tag though note that ball games are not played.
Renting a horse can be expensive, but well worth it on public holidays, when racing is permitted in the parade ground below the Arsenal. Fishing is also popular. The most popular board game is the Game of Twenty Squares also known as the Royal Game of Ur , over a thousand years old but still going strong! Luxury sets made of gold, ivory and precious stones are available at high-end outlets, but you can just as easily make your own version by scratching the outline on a brick and using pebbles as pieces.
They were punished by being sent to work in the quarries. Find out how to play the Game of Twenty Squares here. Some say that the Assyrian war machine is unstoppable, crushing all that stands before it. Payment is generally in silver or copper, most larger retailers will also accept grain or dates. Many outlets will accept credit if backed up by a personal seal. Local crafts can be purchased in the artisanal quarter, located in the north west of the city, best accessed by the Sin Gate or Nergal Gate.
Markets and stalls selling fresh mountain produce and livestock from the highlands can be found in the north eastern quarter of the city, especially along the road that runs from the Halahhu Gate. Exotic merchandise and bulk bargains can be found in the city quay and the surrounding merchants quarter.
Look out for goods such as purple cloth and ivory from Phoenicia Ed. Assyrian literature is famous and includes a wide range of stories, prayers and historical and other texts. While the famous state Library of Ashurbanipal can only be visited by appointment restricted to established scholars , the city has numerous bookshops.
The lavish banquets held by the Assyrian aristocracy are something to behold. On the inauguration of a new place, thousands of VIP guests flock to the city where they are fed, bathed and anointed to the sounds of music and joyful celebration. Hundreds of fattened oxen, thousands of sheep and vast quantities of game such as deer, ducks, pigeons and turtle doves are served at these extravagant banquets! Humbler dishes can be found at street stalls located in the markets and by the city quay.
On offer are various broths, flatbreads stuffed with mutton and tasty vegetable fillings, cheese, fresh fruit, honey cakes, sweets and delicious dates sourced from Chaldea. Local delicacies include the nutritious snack of crunchy roast grasshoppers served on a stick as well as spiced grilled river-carp. The best drinking spots are located to the northeast of the city and by the city quay, many of which have live music. Wine lovers should head to the north west of the city, near the wealthier residences that surround the citadel mound.
The local custom is to drink wine from bronze and silver bowls. Loans of silver, copper and barley are available at most major temples, at competitive rates. Nineveh has a vibrant economy. For those wishing to buy futures in grain prices or options on temple services, the results of the daily examination of sheeps livers used to read the future are published at midday except festivals days.
The unopposed capture of Alexandria by the Arabs completes the Muslim conquest of Egypt. The Coptic Christians of Egypt become isolated after the Muslim conquest. After the assassination of Omar, Othman is elected as the third Muslim caliph.
Go to Othman — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. A document makes the first known reference to windmills, in use in Persia. At Dunhuang, an oasis on the Silk Road, as many as caves are decorated with Buddhist murals. In the Frankish kingdoms the 'mayors of the palace' steadily become more powerful than their nominal masters, the Merovingian kings.
The Book of Durrow, one of the earliest of the great Celtic manuscripts, is written and illuminated in Ireland. Under the caliph Othman, the revelations made to Muhammad are collected in their definitive form as the Qur'an. Jews and Christians, sharing with Muslims the status of 'people of the book', are promised religious tolerance in the Qur'an. The Vikings develop the fast and narrow longships with which they raid across the North Sea. Go to longship noun in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed.
Songtsen Gampo builds temples in Lhasa for his two Buddhist wives, thus introducing the religion to Tibet. Go to Songtsen Gampo c. Thonmi Sambhota, a student of Sanskrit, devises a way of writing Tibetan and produces treatises on Tibetan grammar.
Go to Sanskrit in A Dictionary of Buddhism 1 ed. Othman is assassinated, and Ali wins power as the fourth Muslim caliph - defeating Muhammad's widow Aisha at the 'battle of the camel' near Basra. Ali is assassinated and Mu'awiya becomes the fifth Muslim caliph, establishing the Umayyad dynasty.
The emergence of the Shi'a party creates a major schism within Islam. Go to Shia noun in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed. The king of Northumbria summons a synod at Whitby to hear the arguments of Roman and Celtic Christians, then opts for Rome. The Arabs establish a garrison town at Kairouan, as a base for the conquest of northwest Africa.
With the entire middle east under their control, the Arabs make Damascus the capital of the Umayyad caliphate. Go to Damascus in A Dictionary of the Bible 2 ed. A Muslim fleet attacking Constantinople is deterred by the first known use of the Byzantine secret recipe for 'Greek fire'. Husayn, the son of Ali, dies at Karbala in a battle against rival Muslims and becomes the most holy of Shi'ite martyrs. Willibrord, recently arrived from England to convert the Frisians, is consecrated archbishop of a new see in Utrecht.
Carthage is captured from the Byzantines by the Arabs and is finally destroyed, though Tunis will later rise nearby. The Lindisfarne Gospels are written and illuminated by Celtic monks on the Scottish island of Lindisfarne. The Alexandrians included her in the list of nine lyric poets. Her birth was sometime between and BC, and it is said that she died around BC, but little is known for c Thales of Miletus, 1st Greek Philosopher.
He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regarded him as the first philosopher in the Gree Aesop, Greek Poet. Aesop was an Ancient Greek fabulist or story teller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. Although his existence remains uncertain and no writings by him survive, numerous tales credited to him were gat Anaximander of Miletus, Philosopher.
Anaximander was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia in modern-day Turkey. He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings of his master Thales.
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